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Nuova Camorra Organizzata
The Nuova Camorra Organizzata (Italian: New Organized Camorra) was an Italian Camorra criminal organization founded in the late 1970s by a Neapolitan Camorrista, Raffaele Cutolo, in the region of Campania. It was also known by the initials NCO. The organization was established with the purpose of renewing the old rural Camorra, which dealt in contraband cigarettes and extortion schemes in the Neapolitan fruit market. To this end, Cutolo created a structured and hierarchical organization, in stark contrast to the traditional Camorra clans which are usually fragmented.〔(The resistible rise of the new Neapolitan Camorra ), by Percy Allum & Felia Allum, in: Gundle & Parker, The new Italian Republic, pp. 238-39〕 The members of the NCO were often referred to by rival Camorristi and Italian law enforcement as ''"Cutoliani"''.〔
According to the Italian Justice Department, by 1981 the NCO had become the strongest Camorra clan and one of the most powerful criminal organizations in the nation, providing a living for at least 200,000 people in the Neapolitan area alone.〔 It was distinctly hostile to the Sicilian Mafia, but had an alliance with numerous Calabrian 'Ndrangheta clans, in addition to the Nuova Grande Camorra Pugliese, which was the precursor to the Sacra Corona Unita in Apulia.〔Behan, ''The Camorra'', pp. 51-52〕
It was eventually supplanted by the Nuova Famiglia, a confederation of clans consisting of Michele Zaza (a Camorra boss with strong ties with Cosa Nostra), the Gionta clan (from Torre Annunziata), the Nuvoletta clan from Marano, Antonio Bardellino from San Cipriano d'Aversa and Casal di Principe, the Alfieri clan of Saviano led by Carmine Alfieri, the Galasso clan of Poggiomarino (led by Pasquale Galasso), the Giuliano clan from Naples' quarter Forcella (led by Luigi Giuliano and the Vollaro clan from Portici (led by Luigi Vollaro).〔 (Alfieri clan )〕
It was considered extinct in the late 1980s, when many of its bosses and members were killed or imprisoned.〔 Cutolo's Camorra is described as the ''"mass Camorra"'' of unemployed youth specializing in protection rackets, while Carmine Alfieri's Camorra was seen as the ''"political Camorra"'' because of its ability to obtain public sector contracts through political contacts, and Lorenzo Nuvoletta's as the ''"business Camorra"'' reinvesting drug money into construction following the 1980 earthquake.〔Behan, ''See Naples and Die'', (Google Print, p. 255 )〕
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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